This partitioning scheme lets up to 64 bits of information be used within logical sectors. To make more bits available for addressing, the storage device must be initialized by using GPT. Therefore, a capacity beyond 2.2 TB isn't addressable by using the MBR partitioning scheme. Because the maximum number that can be represented by using 32 bits is 4,294,967,295, it translates to 2.199 TB of capacity by using 512-byte sectors (approximately 2.2 TB). The 2-TB barrier is the result of this 32-bit limitation. This scheme sets a limit of 32 for the number of bits that are available to represent the number of logical sectors. The problem in this computation is that the partitioning scheme that is used by most modern Windows-based computers is MBR (master boot record). Therefore, any storage capacity that is greater than what can be represented by using 32 bits would require an additional bit. However, a computer system requires 32 bits (1 s and 0 s) of information to represent this large number. For example, to achieve a device that has a capacity of 2 TB, you must have 3,906,250,000 512-byte sectors. To determine the capacity of the storage device, you multiply the number of logical sectors within the device by the size of each logical sector. LBA0 represents the first logical sector of the device, and the last LBA designation represents the last logical sector of the device, one label per sector. It's the arrangement of the logical sectors that constitute the media. The management of modern storage devices is addressed by using a scheme called Logical Block Addressing (LBA). Therefore, a reference to Windows 7 includes Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista includes Windows Server 2008, and Windows XP includes Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 R2. The operating system-specific behavior that is noted in this article also applies to the server variants of that system. Therefore, references to 2 TB actually refer to a product that is labeled as having 2.2 TB of capacity. This article refers to disk capacity in powers of two instead of powers of 10, which is the more common designation on storage device capacity labels.It also describes the requirements to address the full storage capability of these devices. This article outlines Microsoft support across all Windows versions since Windows XP. If the user intends to start the computer from one of these large disks, the system's base firmware interface must use the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and not BIOS. This scheme supports addressing of the full range of storage capacity. In order for an operating system to fully support storage devices that have capacities that exceed 2 terabytes (2 TB, or 2 trillion bytes), the device must be initialized by using the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partitioning scheme. This article discusses the manner in which Windows supports hard disks that have a storage capacity of more than 2 TB and explains how to initialize and partition disks to maximize space usage.Īpplies to: Windows Server 2022 Standard and Datacenter, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2 Original KB number: 2581408 Summary
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